If a researcher observes preschoolers without interaction at a playground, which statement is true about the research design?

The statement about this research being eligible for exemption due to non-interaction in a public setting is accurate because observational research, particularly in a public place where individuals do not have a reasonable expectation of privacy, often falls under exempt categories. This type of research typically does not involve any intervention or interaction with the subjects, which reduces ethical concerns associated with the potential for harm or exploitation.

In addition, since the research involves observing preschoolers in a public playground, the context supports the notion that the individuals being observed are not identifiable personally in the data collected. This limitation of identifying information further aligns with exemption criteria, which often stipulate that the risk to the subjects is minimal.

To qualify for exemption, the research must adhere to specific criteria set by regulations, but generally, observational studies in public places that do not engage participants directly are considered to be low-risk. Hence, option B is substantiated by the fundamental principles governing the ethics of research involving human subjects.