What does the principle of 'justice' ensure in human subjects research?

The principle of 'justice' in human subjects research is centered on ensuring that the benefits and burdens of research are distributed fairly among all groups in society. This means that no particular group should bear an undue burden from research activities, while others enjoy the benefits without being involved. The emphasis is on equitable selection of participants, which helps to prevent exploitation of vulnerable populations and ensures that the outcomes of research contribute positively to society as a whole.

This principle mandates that researchers consider not only who participates in the study but also who benefits from its findings. Thus, a fair distribution of research benefits and burdens is essential to uphold ethical standards in research and promote social justice.

The other options do not align with the definition of justice in the context of human subjects research. For instance, anonymity of participants, changes to protocols without consent, and the requirement of peer review pertain to other ethical principles and research standards but do not directly relate to the fairness and equity that the principle of justice seeks to guarantee.