What is meant by "human subjects" in the context of research ethics?

The term "human subjects" in research ethics specifically refers to individuals who participate in research studies by providing data, which may involve interventions or interactions. This definition encompasses a wide range of participation types, including responses to surveys, participation in interviews, or any direct contact with researchers. The ethical considerations in research are principally focused on the rights, welfare, and privacy of these individuals, ensuring that their participation is voluntary and informed.

The other options presented reflect roles that do not fit the definition of human subjects. Researchers and professionals conducting studies are involved in designing and executing the research rather than being the subjects of the research themselves. Similarly, administrative staff support the logistics of the research but are not participating in the study in a manner that qualifies them as subjects. Understanding this distinction is critical when considering ethical guidelines and protections for those who serve as human subjects in research.