Which ethical principle outlined in the Belmont Report emphasizes the need to maximize benefits and minimize harm?

The principle that emphasizes the need to maximize benefits and minimize harm is beneficence. This ethical principle recognizes the responsibility of researchers to not only consider the potential positive outcomes of their studies but also to take action to prevent or minimize any potential risks and harm to participants. Beneficence requires that research be designed and conducted in ways that enhance the well-being of participants, ensuring that the benefits of research outweigh any potential risks or adverse effects.

In contrast, respect for persons focuses on acknowledging participants' autonomy and their right to make informed decisions about their involvement in research. Justice deals with the fair distribution of the benefits and burdens of research among different populations, ensuring that no specific group is unfairly targeted or excluded. Integrity relates to the ethical conduct of research and adherence to moral standards but does not specifically address the balance of benefits and harms.