Which situation is an example of ethical treatment under the principle of beneficence?

The principle of beneficence in research ethics emphasizes the obligation to minimize harm and maximize benefits to participants. A situation where risks are logically evaluated against potential benefits exemplifies this principle because it involves assessing the potential positive outcomes of the research alongside any possible negative impacts on participants. By ensuring that the anticipated benefits of the research justify the risks, researchers uphold the ethical mandate to act in the best interest of their participants.

Considering the other options, disclosing study results to all participants reflects transparency but does not necessarily address the balance of benefits and risks. Informed consent is crucial to respect participants' autonomy, yet it alone does not speak to beneficence directly. Monitoring long-term effects is important for ensuring ongoing safety and understanding the broader implications of research, but again, it is separate from the direct assessment of risks versus benefits occurring prior to or during the study. Evaluating risks against potential benefits, therefore, stands out as a clear embodiment of the principle of beneficence, emphasizing the commitment to enhance participant welfare.