Which study qualifies as research with human subjects according to federal regulations?

The study on gender-related stereotypes in math and performance qualifies as research with human subjects because it involves interacting with or obtaining data about individuals to investigate their behaviors, attitudes, or characteristics. According to federal regulations, research involving human subjects entails any systematic investigation designed to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge, which directly involves collecting data from or about living individuals.

This specific study focuses on understanding how individuals may be affected by societal stereotypes related to gender and math performance, which necessitates data collection from people, making it clear that human subjects are involved. The other options either do not involve direct interaction with individuals or involve secondary data analysis where personal identifiers are removed, which typically doesn't meet the criteria for involving human subjects as specified by federal regulations.