CITI Human Subjects Research Certification Practice Test

The distinction between anonymous data collection and confidential data collection lies primarily in how the data relates to the participants involved. In anonymous data collection, the data is collected in such a way that the identities of the participants cannot be linked to their responses. This means that once the data is collected, there is no way to trace it back to the individual who provided it, ensuring total anonymity.

On the other hand, confidential data collection allows for the possibility of linking data to participants, but those identities are protected. The researchers can potentially identify the data sources but take necessary precautions to safeguard participants' identities, thus maintaining confidentiality. This approach usually involves systems put in place to ensure that personal identifiers are protected, preventing unauthorized access to participants' information.

The other options highlight misconceptions. Anonymous data cannot be identifiable, whereas confidential data maintains links but safeguards against exposure. Moreover, confidential data is not publicly shared but rather kept secure to ensure participant privacy.